VaR may be calculated in absolute or relative terms for global portfolios. It can also be
calculated on a marginal basis to identify the contribution to risk of specific portfolios, market risk …

BACKGROUND In the Bilingual Education Project's 1978 evaluation of the Fr immersion
program in the Ottawa and Carleton Boards of Educ Andrew, Lapkin and Swain (I979) observed …

This paper summarizes the results of the annual evaluations of an Early French Immersion
program in the Carleton Board of Education and the Ottawa Board of Education. In Early …

… awarded to Merrill Swain and Sharon Lapkin by the Office of Research and Development,
OISE. The author would like to thank Christine Andrew who provided valuable advice on the …

In this study, the development of first language (L1) skills among native English-speaking
students enrolled in early French immersion programs in Canadian schools is explored. It is …

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between school environment
and effectiveness in French immersion. The two settings investigated were the immersion-…

… Thus, the current rapid expansion of immersion programs (Lapkin and Cummins, this
publication) has brought with it concern on the part of English-speaking teachers, which is …

This article presents the results of a longitudinal study of two cohorts of students enrolled in
an early French immersion program in the province of British Columbia since September, …

During the 70s, research on immersion education focussed on program outcomes. Student
achievement in French, English and subjects such as mathematics was measured to ensure …

This paper argues, and provides data to support the argument, that in producing an L2,
learners will on occasion become aware of (ie notice) a linguistic problem Noticing a problem …